Jean Clottes Margret W. Conkey Francesco d'Errico Henry de Lumley-Woodyear Merlin W. Donald Christopher Stuart Henshilwood David Lewis-Williams Paul Anthony Mellars Steven J. Mithen Jane M. Renfrew Paul S. C. Taçon J. Wentzel van Huyssteen Keith Ward ABOVE ANIMATION#1: The Alpine ibex shown fighting on the wall of a part of Lascaux known as the Axial Gallery are drawn in black (animal on left) and dots of yellow (animal on right). Between them is a rectangular symbol. Above them and to the left of the black ibex are horses, the most numerous of all the animals depicted in Lascaux. Courtesy of Serge deSazo/Rapho ABOVE ANIMATION#2:The largest African antelope, the eland, is depicted in many representational paintings in southern Africa. The animals, like these from Natal Drakensberg above, play an important role in the beliefs of San Bushmen. Courtesy of Jean Clottes ABOVE ANIMATION#3:In Lascaux’s Axial Gallery, small horses, similar to Prjwalski’s horses that could still be found in the nineteenth century in the steppes of Mongolia, gallop across the ceiling. The segment pictured above is part of a grand composition. Courtesy of Serge deSazo/Rapho	Henry de Lumley-Woodyear is the director of the Prehistory Laboratory of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris and president of the European Center for Prehistoric Research at Tautavel. It was in that village in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France where Dr. de Lumley-Woodyear, leading a team of archaeologists and paleoanthropolgists, discovered pre-Neanderthal human remains together with Paleolithic tools and animal fossils of the same period. He has created a renowned laboratory there to extract DNA from fossils in an attempt to establish family relationships between inhabitants of the site and their relationship to early humans whose remains have been found at other sites around the world. A graduate of the Faculty of Sciences of Saint Charles, Marseilles, he did graduate work in archaeology at the Faculty of Sciences, Paris, and received his doctorate in natural sciences in 1965. Dr. de Lumley-Woodyear began his research career in Marseilles at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and became director of research there in 1977. Named a professor at the National Museum of Natural History and director of its Prehistory Laboratory in 1980, he served as the director of the museum from 1994 to 1999. In addition to cave explorations in the south of France, he has carried out research at prehistoric sites in Italy, Spain, Greece, India, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Brazil. Dr. de Lumley-Woodyear has organized numerous exhibitions and conferences. A Commandeur de l’Ordre National de la Légion d’Honneur, he is also Commandeur dans l’Ordre National du Mérit, a Chevalier dans l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and an Officier de l’Ordre de Saint-Charles and de l’Ordre du Mérite Culturel in the Principality of Monaco. He has won many scientific prizes given by French academic societies, research organizations, and cities, as well as the Prix Scientifique Maurice Pérouse de la Fondation France. His scientific films also have received numerous awards. Dr. de Lumley-Woodyear is the co-author (with Jane Bégin-Ducornet) of Le Mont Bego (1992) and Le Grandiose et le Sacré (1995) and the author of L’Homme Premier, which was published by Odile Jacob in 1998.